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Getty Images<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\nLast year, Hugo watched a friend die in a vast field of sweet potatoes, his lifeless body leaning against a truck tyre \u2013 one of few shaded areas on the sweltering North Carolina farm.<\/b><\/p>\n \u201cThey forced him to work,\u201d Hugo recalled. \u201cHe kept telling them he was feeling bad, that he was dying.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cAn hour later, he passed out.\u201d<\/p>\n Hugo, which is not his real name, has spent most of his time in the US as a migrant farm worker, a job where the pay generally hovers at or below minimum wage, and where work conditions can be fatal. The BBC agreed to use a pseudonym because he expressed concern he could face repercussions for speaking out about the incident.<\/p>\n Hugo departed Mexico in 2019 with a visa to work in the US, leaving behind a wife and two children to pursue the \u201cAmerican Dream\u201d, unsure of when he would return. Or if.<\/p>\n His friend who died on the sweet potato farm was Jose Arturo Gonzalez Mendoza.<\/p>\n It was Mendoza\u2019s first trip to the US for work. He died within his first few weeks on the farm in September 2023. Mendoza, 29, had also left his wife and children in Mexico.<\/p>\n \u201cWe come here out of need. That\u2019s what makes us come to work. And you leave behind what you most wished for, a family,\u201d Hugo says.<\/p>\n From farmers and meatpackers to line cooks and construction workers, migrants often do dangerous jobs where workplace deaths typically go unnoticed by the wider public. But in the past year, the issue has been thrust into the spotlight, by multiple high-profile deaths and by a migrant crisis at the border that has amplified anti-immigrant rhetoric.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n The day Mendoza died, the heat was intense.<\/p>\n Temperatures hovered around 32C (90F). There was not enough drinking water for workers and the farm only allowed one five-minute break during hours-long shifts.<\/p>\n The one place to escape the heat was a bus without air conditioning parked in an open field.<\/p>\n The details are outlined in a report by the North Carolina Department of Labor<\/a>, which fined the farm – Barnes Farming Corporation – this year for its \u201chazardous\u201d conditions.<\/p>\n The report confirmed the death on the farm and mentioned that management “never\u201d called healthcare services or provided first-aid treatment.<\/p>\n In the hours before his death, Mendoza \u201cbecame confused, demonstrated difficulty walking, talking and breathing and lost consciousness”, the report said.<\/p>\n Another farm worker eventually called emergency services, according to the report, but Mendoza went into cardiac arrest and died before they arrived.<\/p>\n The farm’s legal representation said in a statement to the BBC that it takes the health and safety of its workers “very seriously” and is contesting the labour department’s findings.<\/p>\n “Many of the team members have been returning to Barnes for years, and returned again for this growing season, because of the farm\u2019s commitment to health and safety,” they said.<\/p>\n But Hugo did not return. He says he now works for a welding company.<\/p>\n \u201cBad things happen to a lot of us,\u201d Hugo says. \u201cI know it could happen to me, too.\u201d<\/p>\n The agricultural industry also has the highest rate of workplace deaths, followed by transportation and construction, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics<\/a>.<\/p>\n Earlier this year, back-to-back deaths highlighted some of these dangers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n Six Latin American workers died in Baltimore when the bridge they were repairing overnight collapsed in late March.<\/p>\n Weeks later, a bus carrying Mexican farm workers to the fields crashed in Florida. Eight were killed.<\/p>\n Speaking at the Democratic National Convention, Maryland Governor Wes Moore recalled the Baltimore incident, honouring the workers who died \u201cfixing potholes on a bridge while we slept\u201d.<\/p>\n Both Mendoza and Hugo had H2A visas that allowed them temporarily to work in US agriculture. And the number of foreign-born workers who rely on this type of visa has grown.<\/p>\n Between 2017-2022, H2A visa holders have increased by 64.7%, or by nearly 150,000 workers.<\/p>\n In total, about 70% of farmworkers are foreign born, and over three-quarters are Hispanic, according to the National Center for Farmworker Health.<\/p>\n \u201cImmigration is the key source of workers for many jobs in the US,\u201d Chloe East, a University of Colorado Denver economics professor who focuses on immigration policy, says.<\/p>\n \u201cWe know for a fact that foreign-born workers are taking these types of dangerous jobs that US-born workers don\u2019t.\u201d<\/p>\n A 2020 federal investigation<\/a> into agricultural H2A labourers in Florida, Texas and Georgia described conditions akin to \u201cmodern-day slavery\u201d. Due to the investigation, 24 people were charged with trafficking, money laundering and other crimes.<\/p>\n \u201cThe American dream is a powerful attraction for destitute and desperate people across the globe, and where there is need, there is greed from those who will attempt to exploit,\u201d Acting US Attorney David Estes said in a press release at the time.<\/p>\n Migrants that enter the country illegally can have even less protections if they\u2019re hired to work, experts say. And almost half of agricultural workers are undocumented, according to the Centre for Migration Studies.<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\")
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