Chepngetich has considerable history in the marathon, winning the world title in Qatar in 2019 and coming within 14 seconds of success in a previous world record attempt.

However, her stark improvement against the clock has become more familiar in the ‘supershoe’ era.

Between 1988 and 1998 the men’s marathon world record was unchanged.

Now the breakthroughs are more regular and more significant.

In a little over 10 years, the men’s mark has dropped four times, with nearly three minutes wiped off the clock.

Chepngetich’s mark is the third new women’s world record in five years, with the fastest women’s time over 26.2 miles dropping by five and half minutes in that period.

High-tech foams, carbon plates and pressurised airbags have combined in the soles of the latest shoes to return more energy to athletes, sparking an arms race among manufacturers.

World Athletics has moved quickly to regulate shoe technology.

Chepngetich was wearing Nike’s Alphafly 3, one of hundreds of different models that have been checked, validated and published on the World Athletics website and specialist app., external

The regulations over shoe technology stretch over 18 pages, external and include restrictions on the development of ‘intelligent’ shoes which might change sole composition across different parts of a runner’s stride pattern.

Manufacturers are allowed to supply sponsored athletes with prototype shoes which are not yet available to the public for testing purposes outside Olympic Games and World Championships.

However, other approved shoes must be or have been available to the general public. Chepngetich’s chosen pair retail at £285.

Kenyan distance running has been beset by doping scandals in recent years, and Chepngetich was asked about doping after her victory in Chicago.

Former marathon world record holder Wilson Kipsang, former half-marathon world record holder Abraham Kiptum, Rio 2016 Olympic marathon champion Jemima Sumgong and London Marathon winner Daniel Wanjiru are among those to have been banned.

World Athletics president Lord Coe visited Nairobi in January 2023, but Kenya’s anti-doping agency says it has since been weakened by budget cuts from the government.

Asked whether she could understand why the positive tests might cause some fans to doubt her new world record, Chepngetich said: “People must talk.”